某型涡轴发动机起动冷转异响故障分析

针对外场某型涡轴发动机首次装直升机起动冷运转过程中,发动机有异常响声的故障现象,对发动机进行了分解检查、质量复查、原因分析和机理分析等工作,找准了故障原因,制定了预防措施,完善规范了发动机装配工艺规程,有利于预防同类故障的再发生,提高了该型航空发动机的安全性和可靠性。     

基于快速非奇异终端滑模的姿态控制技术

针对存在执行器故障与外部干扰的刚体飞行器姿态控制系统,提出一种基于快速非奇异终端滑模(NSFTSM)的姿态容错控制方法.控制方法不仅保证姿态机动过程的快速性,而且避免了传统的终端滑模面所带来的奇异性问题.采用二阶鲁棒精确微分器估计执行器故障与外部干扰,采用快速非奇异终端滑模技术设计姿态容错控制律,根据Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了方法的稳定性.稳定性分析表明,通过引入新型快速非奇异终端滑模,控制器使得闭环系统能够快速收敛到滑模面的微小邻域内,进而收敛到系统平衡点的微小邻域内,并且系统对外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性.数值仿真结果验证了方法在姿态跟踪控制中的有效性.     

存在外部干扰的网络控制系统故障检测和优化

针对存在时延和丢包的网络控制系统,研究了系统的故障检测滤波器设计和优化设计问题.通过泰勒展开将未知时延处理成外界干扰,采用伯努利随机过程来描述丢包现象.设计观测器产生残差信号,将故障检测问题转化为H∞滤波问题.通过Lyapunov函数方法分析了系统的稳定性.以线性矩阵不等式的形式给出了滤波器存在的充分条件和求解方法.为进一步提高系统对故障信号的灵敏度,采用了一种优化设计方法对故障检测系统进行了优化.最后通过仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

综合模块化航电系统FC网络的机内测试设计

针对综合模块化航电系统FC网络单元分布范围广、故障定位困难、维修效率低的问题,设计了一种机内自测试方法.在网络构建时间和通信效率的约束条件下,通过网络构建和故障检测同步进行的机制实现快速的任务前故障检测,通过实时监测和故障触发相结合实现低开销的任务中故障检测.在网络故障发生后,通过网络遍历和通信自环绕测试将故障有效地隔离至单个模块,提高检测和维修的效率.     

基于强跟踪EKF的组合导航系统故障检测方法

针对大方位失准角的机载SINS/GPS组合导航系统,为保证在高动态环境下实现高精度、高可靠的导航,利用强跟踪EKF滤波残差设计了一种基于残差统计特性的坏值检测算法,对导航信息进行估计和跟踪.仿真结果表明,该算法能够实时检测出GPS量测信息中的坏值信息,隔离后可显著提高组合导航精度,具有较高的可靠性、出色的容错能力和重要的工程应用价值.     

深度自编码观测器飞机操纵面快速故障诊断

为了避免扩展多模型自适应估计故障诊断方法中的雅克比矩阵计算,解决飞机精确模型难以获得的问题,降低在线故障诊断的计算量,提出了一种基于深度自编码观测器的飞机操纵面快速故障诊断方法.基于离线训练、在线估计的思想,采用量测的飞行数据训练得到不同故障下的飞机模型,代替扩展多模型自适应估计方法的卡尔曼滤波器进行状态估计;基于基础自编码器的隐层节点数选取经验公式,推导了两种深度自编码器的隐层节点数选取的递推公式.仿真结果表明,该方法无需精确的飞机模型,故障诊断速度快、精度高.     

基于虚拟样机技术的航空发动机放气活门机构仿真及故障分析

针对某型航空发动机放气活门机构主动摇臂的多起断裂故障,为寻找故障原因并尽可能缩短排故周期与降低排故成本.借助虚拟样机技术建立此机构的动力学仿真模型,利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS与有限元分析软件ANSYS的联合仿真分析,实现放气活门机构摇臂断裂故障再现,并找出断裂件受力的主要影响因素及其影响规律,估算各受力水平下断裂摇臂的疲劳寿命.最终,分别给出保证摇臂最低使用寿命与全寿命使用情况下的改进建议,即将摇臂与放气活门之间间隙B增大至0.273mm与0.279mm,从而为实际工程排故提供理论依据.      

翼吊发动机安装结构等效建模及其隔振设计

为了研究翼吊发动机安装结构隔振特性并优化其隔振器设计,建立了发动机安装节-吊架-机翼结构理论分析及有限元模型.利用有限元方法进行了模态验证并分析了安装结构的隔振特性.进行发动机3种典型工况下的结构动响应分析确定了振动传递的主路径.基于振动传递路径法研究了隔振器参数和安装位置对安装系统隔振性能的影响规律.结果表明:振动载荷经安装结构后低压转子转频和高压转子转频峰值响应分别降低22.03%和14.65%.低压转子转频振动传递主路径为发动机-前安装节-吊架-机翼,高压转子转频为发动机-后安装节-上连杆-机翼.通过合理设置隔振器位置可以使安装系统隔振率达到50.41%,隔振器的频率比为5和阻尼比为0.25时安装系统隔振率可达70.67%.为了优化整个发动机安装系统的隔振效果,设计隔振器时必须选取合适的安装位置和参数.      

Nonlinear dynamic modeling of a helicopter planetary gear train for carrier plate crack fault diagnosis

Planetary gear train plays a significant role in a helicopter operation and its health is of great importance for the flight safety of the helicopter. This paper investigates the effects of a planet carrier plate crack on the dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear train, and thus finds an effec-tive method to diagnose crack fault. A dynamic model is developed to analyze the torsional vibra-tion of a planetary gear train with a cracked planet carrier plate. The model takes into consideration nonlinear factors such as the time-varying meshing stiffness, gear backlash and viscous damping. Investigation of the deformation of the cracked carrier plate under static stress is performed in order to simulate the dynamic effects of the planet carrier crack on the angular displacement of car-rier posts. Validation shows good accuracy of the developed dynamic model in predicting dynamic characteristics of a planetary gear train. Fault features extracted from predictions of the model reveal the correspondence between vibration characteristic and the conditions (length and position) of a planet carrier crack clearly.     

Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.